By William B. McGregor
1) Most phones in most human languages are produced on egressive pulmonic air.
True False
2) Voiced sounds involve regular vibrations of the epiglottis.
3) To make a nasal phone, which of the following do you do:
Raise the velum Raise the dorsum Make a pharyngeal closure Lower the velum Make a blockage in the nasal cavity
4) Clicks are normally made with egressive air.
5) Which of the two main types of phones involve the unimpeded flow of air through the oral cavity?
Vowels Consonants
6) Vowels are characterised by which of the following properties?
The place and manner of articulation. The position of the velum and the shape of the pharynx. The position of the high point of the tongue in the oral cavity and shape of the lips. The position of the dorsum and the shape of the larynx. Whether the tongue is high or low in the oral cavity, and whether it is in the front or back.
7) Which of the following are the most vowel-like consonants?
Nasals Stops Glides Rhotics Fricatives
8) The first stop in the English word stop is most adequately described in which of the following ways:
Unreleased Released Aspirated Unaspirated Nasalised
9) Voice onset time (VOT) refers to the time between the beginning of the closure for a stop and the beginning of regular vibration of the vocal folds.
10) What sort of lateral do you get when the back of the tongue is raised towards the velum:
Dark Glottalic Rhotacised Clear
11) Non-low back vowels are usually accompanied by lip rounding.
12) Central vowels are produced with the highest part of the tongue roughly mid-way in height between its position for high and low vowels.
13) Ejectives are produced on which of the following sorts of airstream:
Egressive velaric Ingressive pulmonic Egressive glottalic Ingressive glottalic
14) Which of the following is the most common syllable shape in the world's languages:
C VCC VC CV V
15) Vowels and consonants are called suprasegmentals or prosodies because they are the main types of segmental sounds.
16) In tone languages different tones on a word give it different meanings.
17) Intonation is concerned with patterns of pitch variation over sentence sized utterances.
18) Acoustic phonetics is concerned with which of the following:
The production of sounds in human languages The generation of speech sounds by computer. The way the brain interprets the sound waves reaching the ear. The perception of sounds of human languages. The properties of the sound waves of human speech.
19) Stress in Hungarian goes on the first syllable of a word; therefore it is phonemic.
20) To say that two sounds are in complementary distribution means:
The two sounds are found in the same phonetic environment The two sounds do not occur in the same phonetic environment(s) They always occur next to one another You can always replace one of them by the other Some speakers use one of the sounds, other speakers use the other. They are suspicious pairs.
21) Phonemic transcription is just another name for broad phonetic transcription.
22) If you find no minimal pairs for two phonetically similar phones, what do you do next, given that you are trying to discover whether or not they are allophones?
Conclude they are allophones of a single phoneme. Conclude they are separate phonemes. Look for near minimal pairs. Look for suspicious pairs.
23) Which of the following ranges gives the best indication of the normal extent of variation in numbers of phonemes in a language?
10-100 50-100 20-200 1-50 100-200
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